MADRID (AFP) – The first Native American to arrive in Europe may have been a woman brought to Iceland by the Vikings more than 1,000 years ago, a study by Spanish and Icelandic researchers suggests.
The findings boost widely-accepted theories, based on Icelandic medieval texts and a reputed Viking settlement in Newfoundland in Canada, that the Vikings reached the American continent several centuries before Christopher Columbus travelled to the "New World."
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An alternative theory would be that Native Americans voyaged to and discovered Iceland. Not as eurocentric so perhaps it is not going to quite have the cache as the other theory.
- 5 votes
Except that the Vikings were renowned for their navigation skills that took them all through Russia, Europe and the Mediterranean, and into Asia, withoujt evidence suggesting a similar American Indian sea going culture.
- 3 votes
Thanks for seeding this, I had something else to share on possible early Atlantic crossings.
A few fellow Viners got me interested in the human incarnation of the Aztec god Huitzilopochtli...
He came upon the Aztec people when they lived in caves and lead them to glory in battle...
He was light skinned, with light colored hair, blue markings on his body, was called the "hurler of the gods" with his javelins, and was usually depicted with feathers and associated with humming birds.
You tell me; honestly what kind of warrior does this Aztec drawing of Huitzilopochtli look like?
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The typical Celtic warrior was light skinned, usually light haired, used blue war paint, were very skilled with Madaris javelins, and commonly had feathers and animal symbols on their helmets.
Celtic people did have a population in Spain as early as 900 BC, and the Canary currents just off the coast make for a relatively easy southwest trip across the Atlantic to South America... Who is to say an adventuresome warrior couldn't make the one-way trip and make a name for himself in a distant land, even be considered a god?
- 5 votes
It has been suggested that the Fair Folk of Brythonic (Welsh) Celtic myth, the Tylwyth Teg, were in fact part of a culture whose influence once extended throughout the Yenisei River system, from the Artic Ocean to Lake Baikal and south to the Tarum Basin, an area encompassing the major trading routes of the ancient world, from amber, tin, salt, pearls and ivory to silk, pottery, gems and spices. These were a mysterious people known by various names that translate as either "People of the Wood" or "People of the Tree" called the Twghry. Their mummified remains identify them as tall, redheaded caucasiods, their burial customs identical from Ireland to the Baltic Sea to Siberia and Turkistan.
Although there are many legends about the Twghry, the most interesting is their association with Olkhon Island and Genghis Khan. Lake Baikal's Olkhon Island was the birthplace of Genghis Khan, who belonged to the Borjigid clan. This clan was important because Bodunchar, the clan's progenitor, was said to be born from the union of their ancestress Alan-ko with a strange, golden, 'glittering' man with red hair and blue-green eyes. These traits were common among the Borjigid but totally at odds with those exhibited by other Mongol tribes.
Olkhon Island is the geographical, historical and sacred center of Baikal, the heart of many legends and fairy tales, and is believed to be the home of many Baikal spirits. Another legend says that the high gods sent Khan Gutababai, head of all khans, to Olkhon from the Heavens. It is also said that Shubunkua, the son of Gutababai, still lives on the island and takes the form of a white eagle. This is of interest because one of the legends of the Tylwyth Teg relates how members of the Fair Folk take the form of white eagles in order to guard the place where Artur Pendragon lies. It is interesting that the descendents of both Conn and Khan are referred to as dragons and eagles…
There is also extensive evidence of Celtic voyages across the Atlantic from Europe to North American millennia ago, long before the Viking excursions into North America. The evidence is archeological, epigraphical, linguistic and folkloric, among other forms. Early European colonists into the region reported American Indians with Celtic features. For example, there are extensive legends of a red haired, bearded man with beautiful emerald eyes who appeared to the people of America between 5600 and 5000 BCE. He is sometimes depicted as wearing long white robes and sandals, carrying a staff, with a cougar lying at his feet. Called Kukulkan by the Mayas, Quetzalcoatl by the Aztecs, Con Ticci Viracocha by the Incas, Gucumatz in Central America, Votan in Palenque and Zamna in Izamal, he was known as the Feathered Serpent, one of the great mysteries of ancient American cultures.
There is a legend that Prince Madog Morfran ap Meurig, called "the Cormorant", left Wales during the 6th century to cross the Atlantic. The proponents of this legend propose that Madog was possibly Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl or the father of Quetzalcoatl. He set up a High Kingship, much like that at Tara, in a place called Teotihuacan, which means Place where there is god-becoming. According to legend this was where the Gods gathered to plan the creation of man. Recent studies point to Teotihuacan as having been the place where the rulers of most Mesoamerican empires were somehow appointed or, at least, formally recognized. Archaeological evidence shows it was a multi-ethnic place, with distinct quarters for each of the major tribes.
The legend continues with Madoc of Gwynedd, whose voyages to the New World in the 12th century spawned the legends of blue-eyed white Indians like the Mandan. He founded a city somewhere in the American Southwest. The city was called Aztlán (azta cranes + tlan place of) because cranes were sacred to the Celts. This is the legendary place from which the ancestors of the Aztecs came. Madoc's son or grandson, whom the Aztecs called Huitzilopochtli, "Blue Hummingbird Man from the Left", guided the Nahuatl, or Aztecs south. It is interesting that Huitzilopochtli was blue, since the Celts were noted for painting themselves blue when they went into battle. The south side of the world was the left to the Aztecs, though it must be noted that East, the direction of the British Isles, was also on the left when facing south.
- 6 votes
Except that the Vikings were renowned for their navigation skills that took them all through Russia, Europe and the Mediterranean, and into Asia, withoujt evidence suggesting a similar American Indian sea going culture.
Actually, there is quite a bit of evidence of Amerindian seagoing culture, the Inuits being only one small but not insignificant example but they were certainly capable, had suitable boats large enough for transatlantic journeys, arctic survival skills and already had a tradition of migrating Eastward.
You might want to read the book, The American Discovery of Europe that explores this topic.
- 4 votes
There is the true story of the Eskimo in his kayak who blew up on the coast of Scotland in the 19th century. He had to stay there the rest of his life, becoming the first Inuit with a Scottish brogue. It may have been the 18th century.
- 2 votes
The Inuit had and have boats not dissimilar to the skin boats the Irish monk St. Brenden who legend has it, traversed the Atlantic in the 5th century. It just seems odd to me that some readily accept that Europeans could have made the voyage pre-Columbus either by design or accident, but that other peoples could not.
- 2 votes
one cannot discount the suggestion of chance landings from the west to the east--but the evidence we are seeing suggests the Celts and the Vikings intentionally explored,leaving behind records of those explorations throughout the far reaches of the globe, but no suggestion of similar intentional exploration by the Inuit after the north was settled. The Vikings were intensely exploitative and acquisitive explorers; but I've never read anything suggesting a similar make-up by the Eskimo.
- 1 vote
The Inuit had no written language until the 1850's but had a strong oral tradition and it is a stone cold fact that the Inuit explored and settled from the East coast of Russia, across North America to Greenland which by my reckoning is at least as ambitious as anything the Vikings did, discounting the plunder and murder of course. Where the Viking settlements in Greenland and perhaps North America failed, the Inuit thrived. The Inuit were not a war like people and it is totally natural that when they came into contact with Europeans especially Europeans as peace loving as the Vikings that they would break contact as the military today would say. Furthermore, it would not be unreasonable for the Vikings to explore Westward given that they would have known that Inuit, accidental or otherwise came from that direction.
Much of exploration is by accident, the prime example being Columbus who thought he had reached Asia and accidentally "discovered" the New World, so dismissing intentional exploration by the Inuit because there is no written record is of course typical of European ego. A mountain or a valley or an entire continent is not discovered until it is seen by a European despite the fact that civilizations have lived and died there for thousands of years.
- 2 votes
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